GISdevelopment.net ---> AARS ---> ACRS 1990 ---> Environment Urban Settlements and Landuse Mapping with the emphasis on Slims in Kanpur Metropolis, India using Aerial Remote Sensing Technique S. K. Shukla S. Ajaya Kumar & Miss Suchandra Ray Abstract Due to rapid urbanization and the attendant urban problems it has become imperative to start an integrated approach for detailed urban planning by way of monitoring the current uses of land and prospecting for suitable space available for various urban activities to cope up with the inexorable urban growth of today with far reaching implications in future particularly i those places where congestion is increasing and slums are spreading the need for integrated approach becomes even more important hence a befitting faster spatial information extraction system is requested. Kanpur Metropolis the industrial hub of the state of Uttar Pradesh with a population of 1.68 million in 1981 and an urban area approx 400 sq. km is the eighth largest city in India. the city has under ground rapid in the urban land use due to further industrialization and increase in urban sprawl kanpur metropolis is now facing enormous problems of almost every kind of urban disorder. the results of the study on study urban settlements and land use are based on visual interpretation of aerial photograph on a scale of 1:100,000 covering an area of about 408 sq.km under the residential land use the category of the slum amounts to 0.33% of the total urban land use slum categorization was done considering the different stages of growth areal exent and the spatial context of the pockets including the evolutionary changes occuring in squatter settlements which are linked to their work places like industries trade and commercials activity center. Introduction The existing urban structure of any city can not accommodate the inexorable growth of urban population specially sue to expansion growth of industries impact of rapid development ever increasing migration from degraded environment water scarcity etc. presents problems of almost every kind of urban disorders and to achieve the objective of intergraded urban planning of cities effectively of remote sensing be used not only for predation of one plan but also for periodic monitoring of the growing cities. Kanpur metropolis known as a slum city northern India is the eighth largest city in the country and has under gone extremely fast areal expansion during the period of 1986-89 due to further industrialization and unprecedented and basis amenities of the urban population the number of badly sheltered urban dwellers has continued to gorw the city is facing problems is almost all areas of urban concern viz congestion shortage of housing inadequate transport faster industrialization the existing over population which is expected to grow exotically in future. in fact kanpur metropolis is a typical example of a almost every kind of urban disorder as slims in order to suggest a new problem solving urban activities system. Study Area Kanpur Metropolis the industrial hub of the state of Uttar Pradesh with a population of 1:69 Million and an urban area of approx 400 sq.km.is the eighth largest city in India it is situated on the bank of the river ganga and sprawls between the latitudes of 26 N and longitudes 80°30'E (Fig 1). Figure 1 Material and Methodology Aerial photograph on the scale of 1:100,00 Guide map of Kanpur city on 1:20,000 scales. Survey of India.topomaps for the city area on n1:50,000 scale. Tracing film and other cartographic material . Planvariograph Aviopret Stereoscopes noth Mirror & pocket.. Area Curimeter X Plan 360. Methodology Panchromatic black & White photography of the city of Kanpur and its environs on a scale of 1:10,000 was under taken by National Remote sensing agency in April 1986 anda total of 450 aerial using the elements of Photo interpretation viz. tone texture size were interpreted location and association after the interpretation of aerial photographs and delivery of the land use classes the data was transferred on a base map of 1:10,000 scale prepared with the help pf topomaps and guide map of survey of India using Planvariograph. The interpretation was thoroughly checked in the field and was updated by integrating the ground information which was collected by visiting the area twice once after the interpretation and subsequently before the finalist ion of map when the inventory of various land use was prepared to show the kind and amount of space used by different urban activity systems. Results and Discussion Based on visual interpretation of large scale aerial photographs the land use classification system was worked out after considering the existing ground conditions and the scope of interpretation of each category from aerial photographs on the scale includes the contextual details of their association functions and over all importance of different land use classes in the city fabric the existing structure of the city reflects the resultant land use distribution of different periods in the past and their spatial scales. presently the city caries the unplanned land use distribution inherited from the past co existing with planned developments The land use map prepared from the large scale aerial photograph depicts 23 land maps classes include urban rurban rural and other terrain aspects in the classification generic structure of the city growth is clearly evident in terms of density distribution of land use classes related to built up areas. The spatial distribution pf slums follows the main activity nodes of the city related to trade commerce and industries in fact the present study reveals and demonstrates the scope of studying different phases of development of slums and its evolutionary sequence .The structural consolidation of the built up area of slum pockets in the city has convincing relationship with their addictiveness to the total city fabric. This is evident through several cases of slums having evolved along with the well serviced built up area largely having permanent construction style. The employment potential which the city offers is the very cause of immigration of population from the hinterland and it triggers the formation of such habiat structures as pavement and squatter settlements these categories of the settlement pioneer the stages of development of regular slum areas and were identified using scales aerial photographs with enlarged viewer in terms locations of these categories of slums they occupy the fractions of land from available at any nook and corner at walk able distance from major trade areas transport routes and minor industrial and repair stalls in the city. Table 1 Land use Classification of Kanpur Metropolis and Environs SNo. Different land use classes Total Area % of the total area under study A Urban Land Uses 6807.13 16.70   01. Residential 2983.98 7.31 02. Commercial 222.67 0.55 0.3. Industrial 1346.11 3.30 0.4. Institutional 1007.57 2.47 0.5. Religious 39.60 0.09 06. Recreational 332.14 0.81 07. Built up area ( under construction) 875.06 2.14 0.8 Slums 136.20 0.334   081. Slums ( Compact / Sparse) 102.95 0.25   0811 Regular Slims ( Compact) 26.91 0.06 0812 Irregular Slums (Compact) 35.91 0.08 0813 Irregular slums ( Spares ) 40.13 0.098 082 Squatters 15.02 0.036   0821 Hutments 0.02 0.0003 0822 Shacks 14.90 0.02   083 Pavement Dwellings 2.71 0.006   084 open spaces with slums 30.40 0.06   B. Rural Land Uses 24386.94 39.81   09. Villages 1049.78 2.57 10. Agriculture 0821.0 51.06 11. Plantation / orchards 65.93 0.16 12. Waste land 2450.23 6.00   A 1. Other Urban Land Uses 9440.97 23.19   13. Prohibited area 810.14 1.98 14 Dumping ground 91.56 0.22 15 Ash pond 25.37 0.06 16 urban Infrastructure 2131.63 5.23 17 water bodies 1319.67 3.23 18 vacant land 4295.92 10.02 19 public utility 30.62 0.075 20 ware house 50.59 1.12 21 strip land 97.96 0.24 22 grave yard 26.11 0.06 23 brick kiln 561.40 1.37     Grand Total 40771.24 100.0 The major regular slum pockets identified in the city have historic back ground of being associated with the older industrial sites of textiles mills established during the british period they have now consolidated in to settlement frame work with infrastrucally served environment these regular slums are now contained at the armpits of comparatively recent spatial spread which offers new sites for slum habitation these fresh sites are having regular compact and irregular sparse areas located near new industries estates and planned transport nodes keeping in view the different stages of growth area extent evolution of the slums the sub categorization has been done as per table 1. As per the aforementioned categorization discrete slum locations were map for the continuous built up area of the city the slum categories of regular slums irregular slums squatters and Pavements dwellings were further classified using a noe\rmative space distribution space distribution measure as being illustrated by the detailed map of sample slum areas. Conclusion An inventory of land use is a key requirement in town planning and provides the mutual spatial relationship between land use classes .It determines the requirements of space and indicates the extent of facilities required is an urban used by the various activity systems provide the basis for derivations of space. Used by requirement to plan for better infrastructure and layput of the cities for future development and management different forms of slums in Kanpur metropolis have been identified in this study so that categorizations can be correlated with the stages of growth consolidation phases. In order to monitor urban sprawl and updating the records it has been established that the usage of aerial photographs is a cost effective accurate and relatively quick method. the aerial photographs are useful in providing specific information clerance and rehabilitation of slums encroachment and unauthorized structure the span required for accomplishing spatial monitoring and physical survey of ill serviced inaccessible for each detailed works can be reduced considerably. Acknowledgements The authors thank the director remote sensing applications centre utttar pardesh lucknow India for granting permission to submit the paper at the 11th asian conference on remote sensing. Reference Shukla , S.K. and Ray Sychandra (1989) Monitoring urban sprawl in kanpur metropolis India using multidate satellite data proceedings of 10th Asian conference of remote sensing Census of India Register general and census commissioner New Delhi India.